Registration
IPv4 Prefixes
97 prefixes · 22,016 addresses · 32 top-level Routing data as of 2026-10-09 00:00 UTC
38.0.0.0/8 · 31 prefixes · 7,168 addresses
| Prefix | Range | Addresses |
|---|---|---|
| 38.46.72.0/21 | 38.46.72.0 – 38.46.79.255 | 2,048 |
| 38.46.72.0/24 | 38.46.72.0 – 38.46.72.255 | 256 |
| 38.46.73.0/24 | 38.46.73.0 – 38.46.73.255 | 256 |
| 38.46.74.0/24 | 38.46.74.0 – 38.46.74.255 | 256 |
| 38.46.75.0/24 | 38.46.75.0 – 38.46.75.255 | 256 |
| 38.46.76.0/24 | 38.46.76.0 – 38.46.76.255 | 256 |
| 38.46.77.0/24 | 38.46.77.0 – 38.46.77.255 | 256 |
| 38.79.16.0/21 | 38.79.16.0 – 38.79.23.255 | 2,048 |
| 38.79.16.0/24 | 38.79.16.0 – 38.79.16.255 | 256 |
| 38.79.17.0/24 | 38.79.17.0 – 38.79.17.255 | 256 |
| 38.79.18.0/24 | 38.79.18.0 – 38.79.18.255 | 256 |
| 38.79.19.0/24 | 38.79.19.0 – 38.79.19.255 | 256 |
| 38.79.20.0/24 | 38.79.20.0 – 38.79.20.255 | 256 |
| 38.79.21.0/24 | 38.79.21.0 – 38.79.21.255 | 256 |
| 38.79.22.0/24 | 38.79.22.0 – 38.79.22.255 | 256 |
| 38.79.23.0/24 | 38.79.23.0 – 38.79.23.255 | 256 |
| 38.92.68.0/22 | 38.92.68.0 – 38.92.71.255 | 1,024 |
| 38.92.68.0/24 | 38.92.68.0 – 38.92.68.255 | 256 |
| 38.92.69.0/24 | 38.92.69.0 – 38.92.69.255 | 256 |
| 38.92.70.0/24 | 38.92.70.0 – 38.92.70.255 | 256 |
| 38.92.71.0/24 | 38.92.71.0 – 38.92.71.255 | 256 |
| 38.181.80.0/22 | 38.181.80.0 – 38.181.83.255 | 1,024 |
| 38.181.80.0/24 | 38.181.80.0 – 38.181.80.255 | 256 |
| 38.181.81.0/24 | 38.181.81.0 – 38.181.81.255 | 256 |
| 38.181.82.0/24 | 38.181.82.0 – 38.181.82.255 | 256 |
| 38.181.83.0/24 | 38.181.83.0 – 38.181.83.255 | 256 |
| 38.181.84.0/24 | 38.181.84.0 – 38.181.84.255 | 256 |
| 38.181.85.0/24 | 38.181.85.0 – 38.181.85.255 | 256 |
| 38.181.86.0/23 | 38.181.86.0 – 38.181.87.255 | 512 |
| 38.181.86.0/24 | 38.181.86.0 – 38.181.86.255 | 256 |
| 38.181.87.0/24 | 38.181.87.0 – 38.181.87.255 | 256 |
45.0.0.0/8 · 10 prefixes · 2,304 addresses
| Prefix | Range | Addresses |
|---|---|---|
| 45.123.192.0/24 | 45.123.192.0 – 45.123.192.255 | 256 |
| 45.202.216.0/21 | 45.202.216.0 – 45.202.223.255 | 2,048 |
| 45.202.216.0/24 | 45.202.216.0 – 45.202.216.255 | 256 |
| 45.202.217.0/24 | 45.202.217.0 – 45.202.217.255 | 256 |
| 45.202.218.0/24 | 45.202.218.0 – 45.202.218.255 | 256 |
| 45.202.219.0/24 | 45.202.219.0 – 45.202.219.255 | 256 |
| 45.202.220.0/24 | 45.202.220.0 – 45.202.220.255 | 256 |
| 45.202.221.0/24 | 45.202.221.0 – 45.202.221.255 | 256 |
| 45.202.222.0/24 | 45.202.222.0 – 45.202.222.255 | 256 |
| 45.202.223.0/24 | 45.202.223.0 – 45.202.223.255 | 256 |
103.0.0.0/8 · 14 prefixes · 3,072 addresses
| Prefix | Range | Addresses |
|---|---|---|
| 103.72.120.0/24 | 103.72.120.0 – 103.72.120.255 | 256 |
| 103.72.122.0/24 | 103.72.122.0 – 103.72.122.255 | 256 |
| 103.167.60.0/23 | 103.167.60.0 – 103.167.61.255 | 512 |
| 103.167.60.0/24 | 103.167.60.0 – 103.167.60.255 | 256 |
| 103.167.61.0/24 | 103.167.61.0 – 103.167.61.255 | 256 |
| 103.167.64.0/23 | 103.167.64.0 – 103.167.65.255 | 512 |
| 103.167.64.0/24 | 103.167.64.0 – 103.167.64.255 | 256 |
| 103.167.65.0/24 | 103.167.65.0 – 103.167.65.255 | 256 |
| 103.173.224.0/24 | 103.173.224.0 – 103.173.224.255 | 256 |
| 103.192.36.0/23 | 103.192.36.0 – 103.192.37.255 | 512 |
| 103.232.214.0/23 | 103.232.214.0 – 103.232.215.255 | 512 |
| 103.232.214.0/24 | 103.232.214.0 – 103.232.214.255 | 256 |
| 103.232.215.0/24 | 103.232.215.0 – 103.232.215.255 | 256 |
| 103.233.179.0/24 | 103.233.179.0 – 103.233.179.255 | 256 |
113.0.0.0/8 · 2 prefixes · 512 addresses
| Prefix | Range | Addresses |
|---|---|---|
| 113.203.217.0/24 | 113.203.217.0 – 113.203.217.255 | 256 |
| 113.203.220.0/24 | 113.203.220.0 – 113.203.220.255 | 256 |
115.0.0.0/8 · 1 prefix · 256 addresses
| Prefix | Range | Addresses |
|---|---|---|
| 115.167.31.0/24 | 115.167.31.0 – 115.167.31.255 | 256 |
154.0.0.0/8 · 12 prefixes · 2,048 addresses
| Prefix | Range | Addresses |
|---|---|---|
| 154.92.128.0/22 | 154.92.128.0 – 154.92.131.255 | 1,024 |
| 154.92.128.0/24 | 154.92.128.0 – 154.92.128.255 | 256 |
| 154.92.129.0/24 | 154.92.129.0 – 154.92.129.255 | 256 |
| 154.92.130.0/24 | 154.92.130.0 – 154.92.130.255 | 256 |
| 154.92.131.0/24 | 154.92.131.0 – 154.92.131.255 | 256 |
| 154.92.132.0/22 | 154.92.132.0 – 154.92.135.255 | 1,024 |
| 154.92.132.0/23 | 154.92.132.0 – 154.92.133.255 | 512 |
| 154.92.132.0/24 | 154.92.132.0 – 154.92.132.255 | 256 |
| 154.92.133.0/24 | 154.92.133.0 – 154.92.133.255 | 256 |
| 154.92.134.0/23 | 154.92.134.0 – 154.92.135.255 | 512 |
| 154.92.134.0/24 | 154.92.134.0 – 154.92.134.255 | 256 |
| 154.92.135.0/24 | 154.92.135.0 – 154.92.135.255 | 256 |
156.0.0.0/8 · 3 prefixes · 512 addresses
| Prefix | Range | Addresses |
|---|---|---|
| 156.245.192.0/23 | 156.245.192.0 – 156.245.193.255 | 512 |
| 156.245.192.0/24 | 156.245.192.0 – 156.245.192.255 | 256 |
| 156.245.193.0/24 | 156.245.193.0 – 156.245.193.255 | 256 |
180.0.0.0/8 · 4 prefixes · 1,024 addresses
| Prefix | Range | Addresses |
|---|---|---|
| 180.223.124.0/24 | 180.223.124.0 – 180.223.124.255 | 256 |
| 180.223.125.0/24 | 180.223.125.0 – 180.223.125.255 | 256 |
| 180.223.126.0/24 | 180.223.126.0 – 180.223.126.255 | 256 |
| 180.223.127.0/24 | 180.223.127.0 – 180.223.127.255 | 256 |
204.0.0.0/8 · 5 prefixes · 1,024 addresses
| Prefix | Range | Addresses |
|---|---|---|
| 204.29.228.0/22 | 204.29.228.0 – 204.29.231.255 | 1,024 |
| 204.29.228.0/24 | 204.29.228.0 – 204.29.228.255 | 256 |
| 204.29.229.0/24 | 204.29.229.0 – 204.29.229.255 | 256 |
| 204.29.230.0/24 | 204.29.230.0 – 204.29.230.255 | 256 |
| 204.29.231.0/24 | 204.29.231.0 – 204.29.231.255 | 256 |
205.0.0.0/8 · 15 prefixes · 4,096 addresses
| Prefix | Range | Addresses |
|---|---|---|
| 205.198.112.0/21 | 205.198.112.0 – 205.198.119.255 | 2,048 |
| 205.198.112.0/24 | 205.198.112.0 – 205.198.112.255 | 256 |
| 205.198.114.0/24 | 205.198.114.0 – 205.198.114.255 | 256 |
| 205.198.116.0/24 | 205.198.116.0 – 205.198.116.255 | 256 |
| 205.198.117.0/24 | 205.198.117.0 – 205.198.117.255 | 256 |
| 205.198.119.0/24 | 205.198.119.0 – 205.198.119.255 | 256 |
| 205.198.120.0/22 | 205.198.120.0 – 205.198.123.255 | 1,024 |
| 205.198.120.0/24 | 205.198.120.0 – 205.198.120.255 | 256 |
| 205.198.121.0/24 | 205.198.121.0 – 205.198.121.255 | 256 |
| 205.198.122.0/24 | 205.198.122.0 – 205.198.122.255 | 256 |
| 205.198.124.0/23 | 205.198.124.0 – 205.198.125.255 | 512 |
| 205.198.125.0/24 | 205.198.125.0 – 205.198.125.255 | 256 |
| 205.198.126.0/23 | 205.198.126.0 – 205.198.127.255 | 512 |
| 205.198.126.0/24 | 205.198.126.0 – 205.198.126.255 | 256 |
| 205.198.127.0/24 | 205.198.127.0 – 205.198.127.255 | 256 |
IPv6 Prefixes
17 prefixes · 16,385 × /48 Routing data as of 2026-10-09 00:00 UTC
BGP Neighbours
65 unique neighbours · 37 upstream/peer · 8 downstream · 20 collector-only. A neighbour can be seen on more than one side. Rows are ordered by AS paths: the number of BGP paths seen by RIPE RIS that contain the adjacency. Sightings count each IPv4/IPv6 route with the adjacency once per RIS peer that sees it (routes × peers), so they show how widely it is seen, not how many distinct routes it carries. Networks seen to the left of this AS in BGP paths, toward the route collectors — typically its transit providers (upstreams) and peers. Networks seen to the right of this AS in BGP paths — networks whose routes it carries, typically its customers (downstreams). Networks seen to the left of this AS only when they peer directly with a RIPE RIS route collector, so the adjacency may be an artefact of that peering; many of them also appear on the downstream side. Upstream & peer side (37)
AS Name AS paths IPv4 sightings IPv6 sightings AS140570 HKBCS-AS-AP - Hong Kong Beecloud System Technology Services Limited 2,287 6,268 2,681 AS7473 SINGTEL-AS-AP - Singapore Telecommunications Ltd 794 730 680 AS9002 RETN-AS RETN Limited 725 620 1,674 AS2914 NTT-DATA-2914 - NTT America, Inc. 677 1,576 928 AS138195 MOACKCOLTD-AS-AP - MOACK.Co.LTD 508 7,948 0 AS9286 KINXIDC-AS-KR-KR - KINX 478 767 357 AS6939 HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC 397 3,750 534 AS45250 VOCOM-AP-AS - Vocom International Telecommunications AP Area 264 337 0 AS4766 KIXS-AS-KR-KR - Korea Telecom 262 337 0 AS1299 TWELVE99 Arelion Sweden AB 150 168 100 AS174 COGENT-174 - Cogent Communications, LLC 146 1,252 110 AS2497 IIJ - Internet Initiative Japan Inc. 145 606 146 AS3356 LEVEL3 - Level 3 Parent, LLC 136 1,204 105 AS9957 KINX-AS-KR - KINX 43 204 3 AS8966 Etisalat-AS EMIRATES TELECOMMUNICATIONS GROUP COMPANY (ETISALAT GROUP) PJSC 37 374 0 AS35280 F5 F5 Networks SARL 14 321 16 AS38008 APERTURE-AS-AP - Aperture Science Limited 14 74 20 AS4635 HKIX-RS1 - Hong Kong Internet Exchange--Route Server 1 10 156 9 AS21859 ZEN-ECN - Zenlayer Inc 10 64 13 AS24482 SGGS-AS-AP - SG.GS 8 720 55 AS33891 CORE-BACKBONE Core-Backbone GmbH 6 16 0 AS137409 GSLNETWORKS-AS-AP - GSL Networks Pty LTD 5 49 0 AS8359 MTS MTS PJSC 4 65 0 AS20326 TERASWITCH - TeraSwitch Networks Inc. 2 5 1 AS49127 ASIMO-AS Asimo Networks B.V. 2 4 0 AS63927 RISE-HK - RISE 2 7 0 AS132132 REPUBLICTELECOM-SG - MyRepublic Ltd. 2 5 0 AS4657 STARHUB-INTERNET - StarHub Ltd 1 2 0 AS9930 TTNET-MY - TIME dotCom Berhad No. 14, Jalan Majistret U1/26 Hicom Glenmarie Industrial Park 40150 Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia 1 7 0 AS13194 BITE UAB "Bite Lietuva" 1 2 0 AS15802 DU-AS1 Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company PJSC 1 2 0 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-PK - Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited 1 2 0 AS24115 ASN-EQIX-MLPE - Equinix 1 0 2 AS39120 CONVERGENZE-AS Convergenze S.p.A. 1 20 0 AS41095 IPTP IPTP LTD 1 20 0 AS64049 RJIPL-SG - Reliance Jio Infocomm Pte Ltd Singapore 1 4 0 AS138997 EDCL-AS-AP - Eons Data Communications Limited 1 2 0 Downstream side (8)
AS Name AS paths IPv4 sightings IPv6 sightings AS15082 OMEG-LCN - OMEGAI 770 337 1,069 AS5068 STACKSINC-GLOBAL - STACKS INC 749 657 365 AS216138 SKYQUANTUM-TELECOM SKYQUANTUM TELECOM LTD. 569 8,567 0 AS153560 STACKS-AS-AP - 202208375N 492 675 0 AS152330 ALLLAN-AS-AP - Alllan Communications Co., Limited 334 495 0 AS401254 NETSOLV-NETSOLV-01 - NETSOLVE NETWORK TECHNOLOGY LIMITED 264 334 0 AS131482 ARONNET - Hangzhou Aron Teconology Co.,Ltd. 259 337 0 AS136758 HONGKONG10-AS-AP - HONGKONG CENTURY-ONE LIMITED 259 1,119 0 Collector-only (20)
AS Name AS paths IPv4 sightings IPv6 sightings AS49544 i3Dnet i3D.net B.V 7 111 19 AS134823 SDCL-AS-AP - Sky Digital Co., Ltd. 7 37 0 AS36236 NETACTUATE - NetActuate, Inc 3 66 14 AS8529 OMANTEL-AS Zain Omantel International FZ-LLC 2 5 0 AS17639 CONVERGE-AS - Converge ICT Solutions Inc. 2 11 3 AS38001 NEWMEDIAEXPRESS-AS-AP - NewMedia Express Pte Ltd 2 5 1 AS45489 SLT-GLOBAL - Sri Lanka Telecom PLC, GLobal Peering 2 11 3 AS45896 MOBIFONEGLOBAL-AS-VN - Mobifone Global JSC 2 5 0 AS51185 MAINSTREAMING-AS MainStreaming SpA 2 5 1 AS58952 FRONTIIRCOLTD-MM - Frontiir Co. Ltd 2 5 0 AS133210 ENTECHNOLOGIES-AS-AP - EN Technologies Pte Ltd 2 5 1 AS199524 GCORE G-Core Labs S.A. 2 33 3 AS1828 UNITAS - Unitas Global 1 32 6 AS4777 APNIC-COLO - Asia Pacific Network Information Centre 1 6 5 AS14907 WIKIMEDIA - Wikimedia Foundation Inc. 1 3 1 AS25152 K-ROOT-SERVER Reseaux IP Europeens Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) 1 6 2 AS25220 GLOBALNOC-AS equada network GmbH 1 2 2 AS35598 INETCOM INETCOM CARRIER LLC 1 2 0 AS59105 HOMENOC - Home NOC Operators Group 1 6 5 AS62167 Tismi Tismi BV 1 4 4
Raw RDAP Response
{
"endAutnum": 398704,
"entities": [
{
"entities": [
{
"events": [
{
"eventAction": "last changed",
"eventDate": "2025-02-15T10:39:14-05:00"
},
{
"eventAction": "registration",
"eventDate": "2025-02-15T10:39:14-05:00"
}
],
"handle": "NOCNO72-ARIN",
"links": [
{
"href": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/entity/NOCNO72-ARIN",
"rel": "self",
"type": "application/rdap+json",
"value": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704"
},
{
"href": "https://whois.arin.net/rest/poc/NOCNO72-ARIN",
"rel": "alternate",
"type": "application/xml",
"value": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704"
}
],
"objectClassName": "entity",
"port43": "whois.arin.net",
"remarks": [
{
"description": [
"ARIN has attempted to validate the data for this POC, but has received no response from the POC since 2026-02-15"
],
"title": "Unvalidated POC"
}
],
"roles": [
"dns",
"abuse",
"noc",
"routing",
"technical"
],
"vcardArray": [
"vcard",
[
[
"version",
{},
"text",
"4.0"
],
[
"adr",
{
"label": "asdadfdasfdas dsafdasf\ndstar\n\n12345\nAmerican Samoa"
},
"text",
[
"",
"",
"",
"",
"",
"",
""
]
],
[
"fn",
{},
"text",
"noc noc"
],
[
"n",
{},
"text",
[
"noc",
"noc",
"",
"",
""
]
],
[
"kind",
{},
"text",
"individual"
],
[
"email",
{},
"text",
"[email protected]"
],
[
"tel",
{
"type": [
"work",
"voice"
]
},
"text",
"+43423455"
]
]
]
},
{
"events": [
{
"eventAction": "last changed",
"eventDate": "2026-02-23T22:34:53-05:00"
},
{
"eventAction": "registration",
"eventDate": "2020-08-04T03:51:44-04:00"
}
],
"handle": "ZHANG335-ARIN",
"links": [
{
"href": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/entity/ZHANG335-ARIN",
"rel": "self",
"type": "application/rdap+json",
"value": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704"
},
{
"href": "https://whois.arin.net/rest/poc/ZHANG335-ARIN",
"rel": "alternate",
"type": "application/xml",
"value": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704"
}
],
"objectClassName": "entity",
"port43": "whois.arin.net",
"remarks": [
{
"description": [
"https://www.stacksinc.net"
],
"title": "Registration Comments"
}
],
"roles": [
"administrative"
],
"status": [
"validated"
],
"vcardArray": [
"vcard",
[
[
"version",
{},
"text",
"4.0"
],
[
"fn",
{},
"text",
"REDACTED"
],
[
"kind",
{},
"text",
"individual"
]
]
]
},
{
"events": [
{
"eventAction": "last changed",
"eventDate": "2026-02-23T21:19:09-05:00"
},
{
"eventAction": "registration",
"eventDate": "2025-02-17T02:33:08-05:00"
}
],
"handle": "CHONG52-ARIN",
"links": [
{
"href": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/entity/CHONG52-ARIN",
"rel": "self",
"type": "application/rdap+json",
"value": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704"
},
{
"href": "https://whois.arin.net/rest/poc/CHONG52-ARIN",
"rel": "alternate",
"type": "application/xml",
"value": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704"
}
],
"objectClassName": "entity",
"port43": "whois.arin.net",
"roles": [
"technical",
"routing",
"noc",
"dns",
"abuse"
],
"status": [
"validated"
],
"vcardArray": [
"vcard",
[
[
"version",
{},
"text",
"4.0"
],
[
"adr",
{
"label": "adfg3211\nDENVER\nCO\n80203\nUnited States"
},
"text",
[
"",
"",
"",
"",
"",
"",
""
]
],
[
"fn",
{},
"text",
"joey chong"
],
[
"n",
{},
"text",
[
"chong",
"joey",
"",
"",
""
]
],
[
"kind",
{},
"text",
"individual"
],
[
"email",
{},
"text",
"[email protected]"
],
[
"tel",
{
"type": [
"work",
"voice"
]
},
"text",
"+1-626-890-5790"
]
]
]
}
],
"events": [
{
"eventAction": "last changed",
"eventDate": "2026-02-23T22:38:01-05:00"
},
{
"eventAction": "registration",
"eventDate": "2020-08-05T11:01:36-04:00"
}
],
"handle": "STACK-10",
"links": [
{
"href": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/entity/STACK-10",
"rel": "self",
"type": "application/rdap+json",
"value": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704"
},
{
"href": "https://whois.arin.net/rest/org/STACK-10",
"rel": "alternate",
"type": "application/xml",
"value": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704"
}
],
"objectClassName": "entity",
"port43": "whois.arin.net",
"remarks": [
{
"description": [
"GeoFeed https://www.stacksinc.net/geofeed.csv"
],
"title": "Registration Comments"
}
],
"roles": [
"registrant"
],
"vcardArray": [
"vcard",
[
[
"version",
{},
"text",
"4.0"
],
[
"fn",
{},
"text",
"STACKS INC"
],
[
"adr",
{
"label": "1665 LOGAN ST\nDENVER\nCO\n80203\nUnited States"
},
"text",
[
"",
"",
"",
"",
"",
"",
""
]
],
[
"kind",
{},
"text",
"org"
]
]
]
}
],
"events": [
{
"eventAction": "last changed",
"eventDate": "2024-09-27T05:36:39-04:00"
},
{
"eventAction": "registration",
"eventDate": "2020-08-13T07:00:56-04:00"
}
],
"handle": "AS398704",
"links": [
{
"href": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704",
"rel": "self",
"type": "application/rdap+json",
"value": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704"
},
{
"href": "https://whois.arin.net/rest/asn/AS398704",
"rel": "alternate",
"type": "application/xml",
"value": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704"
}
],
"name": "STACKSINC-BACKBONE",
"notices": [
{
"description": [
"By using the ARIN RDAP/Whois service, you are agreeing to the RDAP/Whois Terms of Use"
],
"links": [
{
"href": "https://www.arin.net/resources/registry/whois/tou/",
"rel": "terms-of-service",
"type": "text/html",
"value": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704"
}
],
"title": "Terms of Service"
},
{
"description": [
"If you see inaccuracies in the results, please visit: "
],
"links": [
{
"href": "https://www.arin.net/resources/registry/whois/inaccuracy_reporting/",
"rel": "inaccuracy-report",
"type": "text/html",
"value": "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/autnum/398704"
}
],
"title": "Whois Inaccuracy Reporting"
},
{
"description": [
"Copyright 1997-2026, American Registry for Internet Numbers, Ltd."
],
"title": "Copyright Notice"
}
],
"objectClassName": "autnum",
"port43": "whois.arin.net",
"rdapConformance": [
"nro_rdap_profile_0",
"rdap_level_0",
"nro_rdap_profile_asn_flat_0"
],
"remarks": [
{
"description": [
"https://www.stacksinc.net",
"Standard NOC hours 24H",
"GeoFeed https://www.stacksinc.net/geofeed.csv"
],
"title": "Registration Comments"
}
],
"startAutnum": 398704,
"status": [
"active"
]
} Contact details of private individuals are redacted.